Additional benefits of Icariin
In laboratory studies, icariin appears to have anti- cancer abilities. Icariin also helps protect the liver from toxicity.

Icariin and erectile function research
Effects of icariin on intracavernosal pressure and systematic arterial blood pressure of rat
Tian L, Xin ZC, Yuan YM, Fu J, Liu WJ, Wang LL. Department of Urology, People's Hospital affiliated to Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2004 Jan;84(2):142-5.

Erectogenic and Neurotrophic Effects of Icariin, a Purified Extract of Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium spp.) In Vitro and In Vivo.
J Sex Med. 2010 Feb 5. Shindel AW, Xin ZC, Lin G, Fandel TM, Huang YC, Banie L, Breyer BN, Garcia MM, Lin CS, Lue TF. University of California Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory-Department of Urology, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Epimedium species (aka horny goat weed) have been utilized for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in Traditional Chinese Medicine for many years. Icariin is the active moiety of Epimedium species. To evaluate the penile hemodynamic and tissue effects of icariin in cavernous nerve injured rats. We also studied the in vitro effects of icariin on cultured pelvic ganglia. Icariin may have neurotrophic effects in addition to known phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibiting effects.

To test the effect of icariin on erectile function of the penis. Our test results indicate icariin increases intracavernous pressure. For more information on impotence in males.

Icariin and osteoporosis
Icaritin and its glycosides enhance osteoblastic, but suppress osteoclastic, differentiation and activity in vitro.
Life Sci. 2007 August. Department of Chemical Biology, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, PR China.
Icariin, a principal flavonoid glycoside in Herba Epimedii, is hypothesized to possess beneficial effects on bone mass. Icariin is metabolized to icariside II and then to icaritin in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro effects of icariin, icariside II and icaritin on both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Our findings suggest that icaritin, which was more potent than icariin and icariside II, enhanced the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts, and facilitated matrix calcification; meanwhile it inhibited osteoclastic differentiation in both osteoblast-preosteoclast coculture and osteoclast progenitor cell culture, and reduced the motility and bone resorption activity of isolated osteoclasts.