CoenzymeQ10 benefit of side effects, safety, adverse events, use for hypertension, heart health, CHF

Coenzyme Q10 is a naturally occurring nutrient found in each cell of the body. Coenzyme Q10 was first identified by University of Wisconsin researchers in 1957. Coenzyme Q10 is found in foods, particularly in fish and meats. In addition to playing a significant role in the energy system of each of our cells, CoQ10 is a good antioxidant. Many who take Coenzyme Q10 notice that this nutrient provides energy and mental clarity. For more coenzyme q10 information.

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For which conditions is Coenzyme Q10 helpful?
Studies with Coenzyme Q10 have mostly focused on its role in improving certain types of cardiovascular diseases, including congestive heart failure and hypertension. However, Coenzyme Q10 may benefit those with diabetes and Parkinson's disease.

How does Coenzyme Q10 work?

Each cell in the body needs a source of energy to survive, so cells break down sugars, fats, and amino acids to make energy. Small enclosures within cells that make this energy are called mitochondria. Coenzyme Q10 exists naturally in our mitochondria and carries electrons involved in energy metabolism. Coenzyme Q10 is essential in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the basic energy molecule of each cell.
   In the bloodstream, Coenzyme Q10 is mainly transported by lipoproteins such as LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein). It is thought that Coenzyme Q10 is one of the first antioxidants to be depleted when LDL is subjected to oxidation. Hence, CoQ10 is an important nutrient that prevents the oxidation of lipoproteins, thus potentially reducing the risk of arteries from forming plaques and getting damaged.
   In healthy individuals, Coenzyme Q10 is found in high concentrations in the heart, kidneys, and liver.

CoQ10 effect on blood pressure and EKG
In young, healthy adults, one dose of CoQ10 does not have any effect on ECG variables and exhibits only mild and transient effect on systolic blood pressure.

Benefits of Coenzyme Q10
Diabetes: Coenzyme Q10 may be beneficial in diabetics. It helps improve the function of endothelial cells lining blood vessels and may slightly help with blood sugar control. 

Heart Attacks: In a small trial of patients with recent myocardial infarction, Coenzyme Q10--used in addition to aspirin and cholesterol-lowering drugs--decreased the likelihood of further cardiac events for at least one year after the heart attack. The dosage of CoQ10 used in the study was 60 mg twice daily.

Heart Failure: One study shows
significant improvement in functional status, clinical symptoms, and quality of life in end stage heart failure patients who were placed on Coenzyme Q10 (see bottom of page).

Hypertension:
Coenzyme Q10 may help lower blood pressure by a small amount but one should not rely on this nutrient to have a major effect on hypertension treatment.

Coenzyme Q10 antioxidant potential
Enrichment of coenzyme Q10 in plasma and blood cells: defense against oxidative damage.
Int J Biol Sci. 2007 Apr 5;3(4):257-62. Vestische Kinderklinik Datteln, University Witten-Herdecke, Datteln, Germany.
Coenzyme Q10 concentration in blood cells was analyzed and compared to plasma concentration before, during, and after Coenzyme Q10 (3 mg/kg/day) supplementation to human probands. Lymphocyte DNA 8-hydroxydeoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG), a marker of oxidative stress, was analyzed by Comet assay. Subjects supplemented with Coenzyme Q10 showed a distinct response in plasma concentrations after 14 and 28 days. Plasma levels returned to baseline values 12 weeks after treatment stopped. During CoQ10 supplementation, delayed formation of 8-OHdG in lymphocyte DNA was observed; this effect was long-lasting and could be observed even 12 weeks after supplementation stopped. Intracellular enrichment may support anti-oxidative defense mechanisms.

Coenzyme Q10 and Drug interactions
The administration of
Coenzyme Q10 and warfarin does not significantly affect the anticoagulant effect of warfarin in rats. A Human trial shows Co Q10 and Ginkgo biloba do not influence the clinical effect of warfarin blood thinner.

Coenzyme Q10 Side Effects and Cautions, safety, danger
High dosages of
Coenzyme Q10 can induce restlessness and insomnia. No major life threatening adverse events have yet been reported.

Coenzyme Q10 Recommendations
Coenzyme Q10 is beneficial in cardiovascular conditions and this nutrient will likely be found to play some positive role in cognitive or neurodegenerative disorders, but more studies are needed.
   It would seem appropriate to supplement with this nutrient as part of a long-term health regimen, particularly for those with cardiovascular conditions. Long-term therapy with 10 to 30 mg seems to be a reasonable option for many individuals.

Coenzyme Q10 studies
Coenzyme Q10 in patients with end-stage heart failure awaiting cardiac transplantation: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Berman M, Erman A, Ben-Gal T, Heart-Lung Transplant Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Potah Tikva, Israel. Clin Cardiol. 2004 May;27(5):295-9.
The number of patients awaiting heart transplantation is increasing in proportion to the waiting period for a donor. Studies have shown that coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has a beneficial effect on patients with heart failure. The purpose of the present double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study was to assess the effect of coenzyme Q10 on patients with end-stage heart failure and to determine if coenzyme Q10 can improve the pharmacological bridge to heart transplantation. A prospective double-blind design was used. Thirty-two patients with end-stage heart failure awaiting heart transplantation were randomly allocated to receive either 60 mg U/day of Ultrasome--coenzyme Q10 (special preparation to increase intestinal absorption) or placebo for 3 months. All patients continued their regular medication regimen. Assessments included anamnesis with an extended questionnaire based partially on the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, 6-min walk test, blood tests for atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and echocardiography. Twenty-seven patients completed the study. The study group showed significant improvement in the 6-min walk test and a decrease in dyspnea, New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, nocturia, and fatigue. No significant changes were noted after 3 months of treatment in echocardiography parameters (dimensions and contractility of cardiac chambers) or ANF and TNF blood levels. The administration of coenzyme Q10 to heart transplant candidates led to a significant improvement in functional status, clinical symptoms, and quality of life. However, there were no objective changes in echo measurements or ANF and TNF blood levels. Coenzyme Q10 may serve as an optional addition to the pharmacologic armamentarium of patients with end-stage heart failure. The apparent discrepancy between significant clinical improvement and unchanged cardiac status requires further investigation.

Serum Coenzyme Q10 concentrations in healthy men supplemented with 30 mg or 100 mg coenzyme Q10 for two months in a randomised controlled study.
Zita C. Clinic of Geographic Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
Serum coenzyme Q10 (Q10) concentrations were evaluated in healthy male volunteers supplemented with 30 mg or 100 mg Q10 or placebo as a single daily dose for two months in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Median baseline serum Q10 concentration in 99 men was 1.26 mg/l (10%, 90% fractiles: 0.82, 1.83). Baseline serum Q10 concentration did not depend on age, while borderline significant positive associations were found for body weight and smoking 1-10 cigarettes/d. Supplementation with 30 mg or 100 mg coenzyme Q10 resulted in median increases in serum coenzyme Q10 concentration of 0.55 mg/l and 1.36 mg/l, respectively, compared with a median decrease of 0.23 mg/l with placebo. The changes in the Q10 groups were significantly different from that in the placebo group, and the increase in the 100 mg coenzyme Q10 group was significantly greater than that in the 30 mg Q10 group. The change in serum coenzyme Q10 concentration in the Q10 groups did not depend on baseline serum coenzyme Q10 concentration, age, or body weight.

Effect of coenzyme Q10 on risk of atherosclerosis in patients with recent myocardial infarction.
Singh RB,. Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 Apr;246(1-2):75-82. Medical Hospital and Research Centre, Moradabad, India
In a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, the effects of oral treatment with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10, 120 mg/day), a bioenergetic and antioxidant cytoprotective agent, were compared for 1 year, on the risk factors of atherosclerosis, in 73 (coenzyme Q10, group A) and 71 (B vitamin group B) patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). After 1 year, total cardiac events (24 vs. 45%) including non-fatal infarction (13 vs. 25%) and cardiac deaths were significantly lower in the intervention group compared to control group. The extent of cardiac disease, elevation in cardiac enzymes, left ventricular enlargement, previous coronary artery disease and elapsed time from symptom onset to infarction at entry to study showed no significant differences between the two groups. Plasma level of vitamin E and high density lipoprotein cholesterol showed significant increase whereas thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, malondialdehyde and diene conjugates showed significant reduction respectively in the coenzyme Q10 group compared to control group. Approximately half of the patients in each group (n = 36 vs. 31) were receiving lovastatin (10 mg/day) and both groups had a significant reduction in total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to baseline levels. It is possible that treatment with coenzyme Q10 in patients with recent MI may be beneficial in patients with high risk of atherothrombosis, despite optimal lipid lowering therapy during a follow-up of 1 year. Adverse effect of treatments showed that fatigue (40 vs. 6%) was more common in the control group than coenzyme Q10 group.
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